White Tongue

The list of possible underlying conditions mentioned in various sources for Oral thrush includes:

• Respiratory infections
• Dentures
• Poorly fitted dentures
• Dental appliances
• Diabetes
• Poorly controlled diabetes
• Undiagnosed diabetes
• Certain viral infections
• Mononucleosis
• Dry mouth - and the various causes of dry mouth
• Sjogren’s syndrome - causing dry mouth
• Xerostomia
• Thyroid disorders
• Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (type of Candidiasis)
• Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
• Vaginal yeast infections - may spread to the mouth of an infant.
• AIDS
• Immunocompromise diseases
• Immunodeficiency
• Cancer
• Corticosteroid treatments
• Antibiotic treatment - thrush can occur as a side effect of antibiotics, particularly in infants.

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Swallowing is a complex act that involves the mouth, throat area, and esophagus (the tube that transports food to the stomach).

Problems at any point, from the mouth to the esophagus, can result in burning or intense pain with swallowing.

This may be accompanied by chest pain, the feeling that food is stuck in the throat, or heaviness or pressure in the neck or upper chest

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Methods of prevention of Oral thrush mentioned in various sources includes those listed below. This prevention information is gathered from various sources, and may be inaccurate or incomplete. None of these methods guarantee prevention of Oral thrush.

• Natural yoghurt - such as when taking antibiotics
• Acidophilus capsules - such as when taking antibiotics.
• Prompt treatment of other types of candidiasis
• Quit smoking
• Good diabetic control
• Well-fitting dentures
• Good dental hygiene
• Regular dental checkups
• Reduce sugar in diet
• Avoid or treat nipple infections (i.e. candida of the nipples)
• Nursing pads - helps reduce the spread of candida from nipples to clothing.
• Preventive antifungals - in severe cases.
• Treat any of the underlying conditions

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The following practices can help minimize your chance of developing thrush:

• Follow good oral hygiene practices. Brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss at least once a day.
• Avoid mouthwashes or sprays. These products can destroy the normal balance of microorganisms in your mouth.
• See your dentist regularly. Especially if you have diabetes or wear dentures.
• Limit the amount of sugar and yeast-containing foods you eat. Foods such as bread, beer, and wine encourage Candida growth.
• If you smoke, quit. Ask your doctor or dentist about ways to help you kick the habit

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What will happen if a person does not seek treatment for a OPC? Symptoms, which may be uncomfortable, may persist. In rare cases, invasive candidiasis may occur. Can Candida-causing OPC become resistant to treatment? Overuse of antifungal medications can increase the chance that they will eventually not work (the fungus develops resistance to medications). Therefore, it is important to be sure of the diagnosis from before treating with over-the-counter or other antifungal medications.

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How do I get OPC? Most cases of OPC are caused by the person’s own Candida organisms which normally live in the mouth or digestive tract. A person has symptoms when overgrowth of Candida organisms occurs. How is OPC diagnosed? OPC is diagnosed in two ways. A doctor may take a swab or sample of infected tissue and look at it under a microscope. If there is evidence of Candida infection, the sample will be cultured to confirm the diagnosis. How is OPC treated? Prescription treatments such as, Oral fluconazole, clotrimazole troches, or nystatin suspension usually provide effective treatment for OPC.

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Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions that could possibly cause Oral thrush includes: Respiratory infections Dentures Poorly fitted dentures Dental appliances Diabetes Poorly controlled diabetes Undiagnosed diabetes Certain viral infections Mononucleosis Dry mouth - and the various causes of dry mouth Sjogren’s syndrome - causing dry mouth Xerostomia Thyroid disorders Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (type of Candidiasis) Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis Vaginal yeast infections - may spread to the mouth of an infant. AIDS Immunocompromise diseases Immunodeficiency Cancer Corticosteroid treatments Antibiotic treatment - thrush can occur as a side effect of antibiotics, particularly in infants.

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What is OPC? Candidiasis of the mouth and throat, also known as a “thrush” or oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), is a fungal infection that occurs when there is overgrowth of fungus called Candida. Candida is normally found on skin or mucous membranes. However, if the environment inside the mouth or throat becomes imbalanced, Candida can multiply. When this happens, symptoms of thrush appear. How common is OPC and who can get it? OPC can affect normal newborns, but it occurs more frequently and more severely in people with weakened immune systems, particularly in persons with AIDS. What are the symptoms of OPC? People with OPC infection usually have painless, white patches in the mouth. Symptoms of OPC in the esophagus may include pain and difficulty swallowing.

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Outbreaks of thrush in child care settings may be the result of an increased use of antibiotics rather than newly acquired Candida infections. In children (and adults) taking antibiotics or steroids (such as cortisone-related asthma medications), the balance of microbes in the mouth can be disturbed. This causes an overgrowth of Candida that results in thrush

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For a diagnosis of Oral thrush, the following list of conditions have been mentioned in sources as possible alternative diagnoses to consider during the diagnostic process for Oral thrush: Breast milk (infant) - white film on the tongue of an infant may be breast milk. Oral herpes virus infection - i.e. the more severe oral infection and ulcers/rash related to cold sores Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (type of Candidiasis) Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis Various underlying causes of oral thrush

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